The Living Cell 
	The Living Cell
		“Cell”
			Named by Robert Hooke who used microscope to look at cork (1663)
			Described by Anton van Leeuwenhoek who designed his own microscope to look at living cells (1676)
		“Cell Theory” developed by Schleiden & Schwann (1838)
	The Living Cell
		Cell Theory
			All living things are composed of cells
			The cell is the fundamental unit of life
			All cells arise from previous cells
	The Living Cell
			Cell membrane
				Separates the “inside” from the “outside”
				Made from a bilayer of phospholipid molecules
				Allows certain certain molecules to pass through 
				Has protein protein receptors to assist other molecules 
				May be surrounded by a cell wall (in plants)
	The Living Cell
		Nucleus
			Present in eukaryotes
			Controls the cell’s heredity and chemistry
			Contains DNA in chromosome pairs
			“mitosis” results in 2 daughter cells with same DNA as original cell
			“meiosis” results in the production of egg and sperm cells with ˝ DNA as original cell
	The Living Cell
		Energy organelles
			Chloroplasts
				Contains chlorophyll which absorbs energy from sunlight
				Site of photosynthesis
				Found in green plants
			Mitochondria
				Site of respiration
				Release energy from food by metabolism
				Found in both plants and animals
	The Living Cell
		Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
			Photosynthesis produces energy rich glucose
				CO2 + H2O        C6H12O6 + O2
				(carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen)
			Respiration releases energy from glucose
				C6H12O6 + O2          CO2 + H2O + energy
	The Living Cell
		Energy generation in cell
			Glycolysis is 1st step – breaks down glucose and produces ATP
			Followed by
				Respiration, in presence of oxygen
				Fermentation, in absence of oxygen
	The Living Cell
		Other organelles
			Endoplasmic reticulum
				Smooth
				Rough
			Ribosomes
			Nucleoli
			Golgi apparatus
			Lysosomes
			Vesicles and vacuoles
			Cytoskeleton
			Centrioles
	The Living Cell
		Differences between plant and animal cells
			Plant
				Cell wall
				Large central vacuole
				Chloroplasts
			Animal
				None of the above
				Centrioles